Which of the following is a risk factor for developing gout?

Chronic renal failure is a significant risk factor for developing gout, as the kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining uric acid levels in the blood. When kidney function is impaired, the body is less able to excrete uric acid, leading to its accumulation. Elevated levels of uric acid can lead to the formation of monosodium urate crystals, which deposit in the joints and surrounding tissues, causing the inflammatory condition known as gout.

In contrast, low body weight, high physical activity, and female gender are not commonly associated with an increased risk of gout. Low body weight generally correlates with lower levels of uric acid. High levels of physical activity are typically beneficial and can help in maintaining a healthy weight, which is inversely related to gout risk. While hormonal factors do contribute to the development of gout, particularly a decrease in estrogen levels in postmenopausal women, females generally have a lower prevalence of gout compared to males due to differences in uric acid metabolism and excretion.