Among the listed conditions, which is NOT considered a modifiable risk factor for ischemic heart disease?

Age is not a modifiable risk factor for ischemic heart disease because it is a non-changeable characteristic that increases the likelihood of developing heart disease as individuals grow older. This natural progression of aging contributes to various physiologic changes in the cardiovascular system, including increased arterial stiffness, changes in blood flow dynamics, and potential accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques, all of which play a role in the development of ischemic heart disease.

In contrast, hyperlipidemia, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension are considered modifiable risk factors. They can be managed or altered through lifestyle changes, medication, and medical interventions. For instance, hyperlipidemia can often be controlled through diet, exercise, and medications such as statins; chronic kidney disease can be managed through appropriate dietary changes and managing underlying conditions like diabetes or hypertension; and hypertension can usually be treated with lifestyle changes and antihypertensive medications. These interventions can significantly reduce the risk of ischemic heart disease.